Table 2 Summary of conidial morphology of Arthrinium species. Newly established species in this study are shown in bold

A. aureum ^A

A

Airborn spore

ES

globose

10–30 × 10–15

–

–

A. guizhouense ^b

A

Airborn spore

CN

globose to elongate ellipsoid

5–7.5 × 4–7

–

–

A. mediterranei ^e

A

Airborn spore

ES

lentiform

9–9.5 × 7.5–9

–

–

A. serenense ^k

A

Airborn spore

ES

–

10–11 × 8–9.5

–

–

A. hispanicum ^e

M

Beach sand

ES

globose to ellipsoid

7.5–8.5 × 6–7.5

lenticular

6.5

A. agari

M

Costariaceae

KR

globose to elongate ellipsoid

8.5–10.5 × 7–9

lenticular

5.5–7

A. arctoscopi

M

Egg of Arctoscopus japonicus

KR

globose to elongate ellipsoid

9.5–13 × 7.5–12

lenticular

5.5–7.5

A. koreanum

M

Egg of A. japonicus

KR

globose to ellipsoid

7.5–11 × 5.5–10

lenticular

4–6.5

A. algicola ^p*

M

Sargassaceae

UA

lentiform

10.5–15 × 6–8

–

–

A. sargassi

M

Sargassaceae

KR

globose to elongate ellipsoid

8.5–11.5 × 8–11

lenticular

5.5–7.5

A. fermenti

M

Seaweed

KR

globose to elongate ellipsoid

7.5–9 × 7–9

lenticular

6–7

A. marinum

M

Seaweed

KR

globose to elongate ellipsoid

9.5–13 × 7.5–10

lenticular

6–7.5

A. pusillispermum

M

Seaweed

KR

globose to subglobose, elongate cell

4–6.5 × 3–5.5

lenticular

3.5–4.5

A. taeanense

M

Seaweed

KR

globose to elongate ellipsoid

5–7 × 4–6

lenticular

4–5

A. saccharicola ^e

M/ P

Egg of A. japonicus/ Poaceae

KR/ NL

globose to ellipsoid

(7–)8–9(−10)

lenticular

(4–)5(−6)

A. sacchari ^a

M/ P

Egg of A. japonicus/ Poaceae

UK/ KR

globose

(6–)7(−8)

lenticular

(3.5–)4

A. rasikravindrae ^c

M/ P

Egg of A. japonicus/ Poaceae

KR/ CN

globose to ellipsoid

7–9.5 × 6.5–9

lenticular

5–6.5

A. arundinis ^a

M/ P

Sargassaceae/ Poaceae

IR/ KR

globose

(5–)6–7

lenticular

3–4

A. piptatheri ⁿ

M/ P

Sargassaceae/ Poaceae

KR/ ES

globose to elongate ellipsoid

7.5–10 × 7–9

lenticular

4.5–6

A. marii ^a

M/ P

Seaweed/ Poaceae

KR/ HK

globose to elongate ellipsoid

8–10(−13)

lenticular

(5–)6(−8)

A. sporophleum ^I

P

Poaceae

DE

fusiform

11–14 × 6–8

–

–

A. descalsii ⁿ

P

Poaceae

ES

globose to ellipsoid

(5–)7(−8)

lenticular

6–7

A. mytilomorphum ^b

P

Poaceae

IN

fusiform or navicular

20–30 × 6–8.5

–

–

A. ovatum ^a

P

Poaceae

HK

oval to boldly ellipsoid

18–20

–

12–14

A. ibericum ⁿ

P

Poaceae

PT

globose to ellipsoid

(9–)10(−12)

lenticular

(6–)7(−8)

A. italicum ⁿ

P

Poaceae

IT, ES

globose

4–6 × 3–4

lenticular

–

A. hydei ^a

P

Poaceae

CN

globose

(15–)17–19(−22)

lenticular

11–12

A. bambusae ^b

P

Poaceae

CN

subglobose to ellipsoid

11.5–15.5 × 7–14

–

–

A. jiangxiense ^b

P

Poaceae

CN

globose to ellipsoid, granular

7.5–10

lenticular

4.5–7

A. neogarethjonesii ^x

P

Poaceae

CN

globose to subglobose

20–35 × 15–30

–

–

A. pseudoparenchymaticum ^b

P

Poaceae

CN

globose to subglobose

13.5–27 × 12–23.5

–

–

A. pseudosinense ^a

P

Poaceae

NL

ellipsoid

8–10 × 7–10

–

7–8

A. setostromum ^z

P

Poaceae

CN

subglobose to obovoid

18–20 × 15–19

–

–

A. subroseum ^b

P

Poaceae

CN

globose to subglobose, ellipsoid

12–17.5 × 9–16

–

–

A. thailandicum ⁱ

P

Poaceae

CN/ TH

globose to elongate ellipsoid

5–9 × 5–8

lenticular

–

A. longistromum ⁱ

P

Poaceae

TH

asexual morph: Undetermined

–

–

–

A. neosubglobosa ^d

P

Poaceae

CN

asexual morph: Undetermined.

–

–

–

A. subglobosa ^h

P

Poaceae

TH

asexual morph: Undetermined.

–

–

–

A. macrosporum ^E*

P

Poaceae

CN

–

17–27

–

–

A. paraphaeospermum ^j

P

Poaceae

TH

globose to ellipsoid

10–19

lenticular

–

A. hyphopodii ^h

P

Poaceae

TH

globose to subglobose

5–10 × 4–8

–

–

A. chinense ^s

P

Poaceae

CN

subglobose to lenticular

8.5–12 × 5.5–9

–

–

A. qinlingense ^l

P

Poaceae

CN

globose to suborbicular

5–8

–

–

A. phaeospermum ^a

P

Poaceae

IR, KR

globose to ellipsoid

(9–)10(−12)

lenticular

6–7

A. gaoyouense ^l

P

Poaceae

CN

globose to elongate ellipsoid

5–8

lenticular

4–8

A. phragmitis ^a

P

Poaceae

IT

ellipsoid to ovoid

9–10(−12)

lenticular

(5–)6(−7)

A. esporlense ⁿ

P

Poaceae

ES

globose

(8–)9–12(−13)

lenticular

6–8

A. hysterinum ⁿ

P

Poaceae

ES

globose to obovoid

15–21 × 14–19

–

–

A. phyllostachydis ^y

P

Poaceae

CN

globose to subglobose, oval or irregular

5–6 × 4–6

–

–

A. yunnanum ⁱ

P

Poaceae

CN

globose to obovoid

17.5–26.5 × 15.5–25

–

–

A. spegazzinii ^t*

P

Poaceae

AR

clavate, oval or elliptical

5–8 × 3–6

–

–

A. euphorbiae ^f

P

Poaceae

BD

circular or nearly circular

4–5.5 × 3–4

lenticular

–

A. lobatum ^t*

P

Poaceae

VE

oval or broadly ellipsoid

17–20 × 12–14

–

–

A. balearicum ⁿ

P

Poaceae

ES

asexual morph: Undetermined.

–

–

–

A. garethjonesii ^d

P

Poaceae

CN

asexual morph: Undetermined.

–

–

–

A. sinensis ^H*

P

Arecaceae

CN

rounded (conidiogenous cell lageniform)

9–12

lenticular

6–8

A. trachycarpum ^w

P

Arecaceae

CN

subglobose to elongate ellipsoid

6–8.5 × 4–6

–

–

A. locutum-pollinis ^v

P

Brassicaceae

CN

globose to elongate ellipsoid

8–15 × 5–9.5

–

–

A. camelliae-sinensis ^b

P

Brassicaceae, Theaceae

CN

globose to subglobose

9–13.5 × 7–12

–

–

A. caricicola ^r

P

Cyperaceae

DE

Ultimately cigar or diatom-shape

42–47 × 9–12

–

–

A. carinatum ^D*

P

Cyperaceae

DE

irregular shape

–

–

–

A. sporophleoides ^r*

P

Cyperaceae

AU, DE

fusiform

11–14 × 5–5.5

polygonal

–

A. austriacum ^n*

P

Cyperaceae

AU

irregularly polygonal or rounded

9–12

polygonal

8–10

A. fuckelii ^{n, I*}

P

Cyperaceae

NO

quadrangular

11–16 × 11–16 × 5–9

–

–

A. globosum ^n*

P

Cyperaceae

FI

globose or almost round

8–10 × 7–9

–

–

A. japonicum ^u

P

Cyperaceae

JP

fusiform, navicular

38–56 × 14–20

–

–

A. kamtschaticum ^u*

P

Cyperaceae

RU

broadly U-shape with ends rounded

22–32 × 10–14

–

–

A. minus ⁿ

P

Cyperaceae

DE

curved, rounded at the ends

9–10 × 6–7

–

–

A. morthieri ^F*

P

Cyperaceae

CH

ovoid, subglobose, granular, rounded tips

18–20 × 4–7

–

–

A. muelleri ^n*

P

Cyperaceae

CH

curved conidia

15–20 × 8–10

–

–

A. naviculare ^n*

P

Cyperaceae

FI

irregular shape

–

–

–

A. puccinioides ^{n, r}

P

Cyperaceae

FR

polygonal with rounded angles

9–11 × 8–9

–

–

A. sporophlaeum ^r*

P

Cyperaceae, Juncaecae

PT

broadly ovate to lemon-shaped

7–12 × 6–8

–

5–8

A. pterospermum ^a

P

Cyperaceae

AU, NZ

finely roughened irregular

15–25

–

8–10

A. cuspidatum ^r, ^C*

P

Cyperaceae, Juncaecae

CA, IN, US, ZA

horn-like tips (tips size: 7 μm)

21.5 × 10

–

–

A. jatrophae ^f

P

Euphorbiaceae

IN

spherical

6.5–9.5

lenticular

3–6.5

A. pseudospegazzinii ^a

P

Euphorbiaceae

MY

globose

(7–)8–9

lenticular

5–6

A. obovatum ^b

P

Fagaceae

CN

obovoid, elongated to ellipsoidal

11–16.5/ 16–31 × 9–16

–

–

A. gutta ^B*

P

Fagaceae

IT

drop-shaped, oval

9–12 × 7–11

–

–

A. sphaerospermum ^{r, t*}

P

Iridaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae

FR

spherical or subspherical

7–8

–

–

A. ushuvaiense ^r*

P

Juncaceae

AR

fusiform or navicular

17–25 × 6–9

–

–

A. luzulae ^t*

P

Juncaceae

CH

curved with horn-like tips

18–21 × 12–14

–

8–11

A. malaysianum ^a

P

Lauraceae, Euphorbiaceae

MY

globose

5–6

lenticular

3–4

A. kogelbergense ^a

P

Restionaceae

ZA

globose to ellipsoid

9–10 × 7–8

lenticular

4–5

A. dichotomanthi ^b

P

Rosaceae

CN

globose to subglobose

9–15 × 6–12

lenticular

–

A. vietnamense ^o

P

Rutaceae

VN

globose

5–6

–

3–4

A. xenocordella ^a

P

Theaceae

CN

globose to somewhat ellipsoid

9–10

lenticular

6–7

A. aquaticum ^q

P

unknown

CN

globose to subglobose

9–11 × 8–10

–

–

A. scriptum ^G*

P

unknown

DE

egg-shape, pear-shape

–

–

–

A. urticae ^r

P

unknown

IN, TR, CU, BE

subspherical

4–6 × 3–4

–

–

A. gutiae ^g

I

Gut of a grasshopper

IN

globose

4.5–6.0

lenticular

2–6

A. leucospermum^*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–