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Table 2 Condensed glossary of some definition of terms of the ICNapf used in the manuscript

From: Nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes

basionym

The legitimate, previously published name on which a new combination or name at new rank is based. The basionym does not itself have a basionym; it provides the final epithet, name, or stem of the new combination or name at new rank (Art. 6.10).

epitype

A specimen or illustration selected to serve as an interpretative type when the holotype, lectotype, or previously designated neotype, or all original material associated with a validly published name, cannot be identified for the purpose of the precise application of the name to a taxon (Art. 9.9).

ex-type (ex typo), ex-holotype (ex holotypo), ex-isotype (ex isotypo), etc.

A living isolate obtained from the type of a name when this is a culture permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state (Rec. 8B.2).

holotype

The one specimen or illustration indicated as the nomenclatural type by the author(s) of a name of a new species or infraspecific taxon or, when no type was indicated, used by the author(s) when preparing the account of the new taxon (Art. 9.1, Note 1; see also Art. 9.2).

isotype

A duplicate specimen of the holotype (Art. 9.5).

lectotype

One specimen or illustration designated from the original material as the nomenclatural type, in conformity with Art. 9.11 and 9.12, if the name was published without a holotype, or if the holotype is lost or destroyed, or if a type is found to belong to more than one taxon (Art. 9.3).

Note: this applies only to names published before 1st January 1990 (Art. 40.7).

neotype

A specimen or illustration selected to serve as nomenclatural type if no original material is extant or as long as it is missing (Art. 9.8 and 9.13; see also Art. 9.16 and 9.19).

paratype

Any specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes if in the protologue two or more specimens were simultaneously designated as types (Art. 9.7).

protologue

Everything associated with a name at its valid publication, e.g. description, diagnosis, illustrations, references, synonymy, geographical data, citation of specimens, discussion, and comments (Art. 6.13 footnote).