Table 2 The hormetic effect of HMs on filamentous pathogens
From: Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment
Metal | Pathogen group | Concentration | Species | Disease(s) | Effect(s) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cd | Oomycetes | 3 ppm | Pythium debaryanum | Damping-off and seedling disease | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Golubović-Ćurguz et al. (2010) |
Co | Fungi | 5Â ppm | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | White mold | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Mwangi et al. (2014) |
Cu | Fungi | 5 mg L−1 | Aspergillus flavus | Aspergillus ear and Kernel rot human and animal Aspergillosis | - Stimulation of mycelia growth - Increase in total RNA content - Induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis | Cuero et al. (2003) |
5 × 10–4 and 5 × 10–3 M | Endothia parasitica | Chestnut blight | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Englander and Corden (1971) | ||
3 ppm | Fusarium oxysporum | Fusarium wilt | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Golubović-Ćurguz et al. (2010) | ||
5Â ppm | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | White mold | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Mwangi et al. (2014) | ||
Oomycetes | 3 ppm | Pythium debaryanum | Damping-off and seedling disease | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Golubović-Ćurguz et al. (2010) | |
Fe | Fungi | 5 mg L−1 | Aspergillus flavus | Aspergillus ear and Kernel rot human and animal Aspergillosis | - Stimulation of mycelia growth - Increase in total RNA content - Induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis | Cuero et al. (2003) |
5 × 10–4 and 5 × 10–3 M | Endothia parasitica | Chestnut blight | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Englander and Corden (1971) | ||
Mg | Fungi | 20 and 40Â ppm | Aspergillus niger | Black mold | - Increase in the colony numbers | Abu-Mejdad (2013) |
Pb | Oomycetes | 3 ppm | Pythium debaryanum | Damping-off and seedling disease | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Golubović-Ćurguz et al. (2010) |
Zn | Fungi | 5 mg·L−1 | Aspergillus flavus | Aspergillus ear and Kernel rot human and animal Aspergillosis | - Stimulation of mycelia growth - Increase in total RNA content - Induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis | Cuero et al. (2003) |
5 × 10–4 and 5 × 10–3 M | Endothia parasitica | Chestnut blight | - Stimulation of mycelia growth | Englander and Corden (1971) | ||
Oomycetes | 10–30 µg/ml | Saprolegnia delica Coker | Saprolegniasis in fishes | - Stimulation of mycelia growth - Sporangia elongation | Ali (2007) |