Fig. 1

Representative tree of the phylum Glomeromycota based on molecular (SSU, ITS region, partial LSU of the rRNA gene, and partial β-tubuline gene) and morphological analyses (spore wall structures, structures of the spore bases and subtending hyphae, germination, and germination shield structures). Adapted from (Oehl et al. 2008, 2011a–d). The drawings in the central columns show the spore formation types of the genera, and the typical germination shields for those genera which form persistent shields already during spore formation.