Peering into the Mediterranean black box: Lactifluus rugatus ectomycorrhizas on Cistus

IMA Fungus

Table 1 Recent classification schemes of Lactifluus rugatus and related species.

Heilmann-Clausen et al. (1998)	Basso (1999)	Verbeken et al. (2011, 2012)	De Crop et al. (2017)
Genus Lactarius	Genus Lactarius	Genus Lactifluus	Genus Lactifluus
Subgenus Lactifuus	Subgenus Lactifuus	Subgenus Lactifuus	Subgenus Lactifuus
Section Lactifuus	Section Lactifuus	Section Lactifuus	Section Lactifuus
L. volemus	L. volemus	L. volemus	L. volemus
(L. rugatus¹)	*L. rugatus*	Section Tomentosi	L. subvolemus ³
(L. luteolus ¹)	L. luteolus	*L. rugatus*	L. oedematopus ³
Subgenus Lactariopsis	Section Albati	Section Phlebonemi	Section Piperati
Section Albati	L. vellereus	L. brunneoviolascens ²	L. piperatus
L. vellereus	L. bertillonii	Subgenus Lactariopsis	L. glaucescens
L. bertillonii	Subgenus Lactarius	Section Albati	Subgenus Pseudogymnocarpi
Subgenus Lactarius	Section Lactarius	L. vellereus	Section Pseudogymnocarpi
L. piperatus	L. piperatus	L. bertillonii	*L. rugatus*
L. glaucescens	L. glaucescens	Subgenus Piperati	Subgenus Gymnocarpi
		Section Piperati	Section Luteoli
		L. piperatus	L. brunneoviolascens
		L. glaucescens	Subgenus Lactariopsis
			Section Albati
			L. vellereus
			L. bertillonii

¹ Neither L. rugatus nor L. luteolus (i.e. L. brunneoviolascens) were included in this treatment which concerned milkcaps from northern Europe.
² Previously named Lactifluus luteolus, which is now known to be the correct name for a North American species (Verbeken et al. 2012, De Crop et al. 2017).
³ A recent study recognized three cryptic species within the morphospecies Lactifluus volemus; L. volemus, L. oedematopus, and L. subvolemus (Van de Putte et al. 2016).

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